We're not the decidersWhat also goes on in these public-policy schools is research on improving decisionmaking methods, whatever the policy matters at hand. In particular, decisionmaking under conditions of deep uncertainty, when Mark’s X is fully aware of the unknownness or unknowability of the unknowns.
Donald Rumsfeld was not talking nonsense. He’s a big fan of R.D. Laing:
If I don't know I don't knowPublic-policy students are also taught to be aware of hindsight bias. And of the use and misuse of metaphorical thinking in policymaking.
I think I know
If I don't know I know
I think I don't know
Typical academic navel gazing, of no real consequence.
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